GPM (Generalized Protective Momentum)
GPM (Generalized Protective Momentum) is a tactical asset allocation strategy reviewed on a monthly cadence. Its hypothetical backtest runs through 2026-09-04. BestFolio supplies the public rule or approach and backtest context; current signals, allocations, and paid interactive data remain restricted to Pro access. The recorded 2016-06 publication or construction boundary separates pre-publication simulation from later market observations under fixed rules; all returns remain hypothetical. Users review each scheduled signal and place any resulting trades in their own brokerage. BestFolio does not execute trades or provide personalized investment advice.
- Cadence
- Monthly
- Backtest data through
- 2026-09-04
- History boundary
- The recorded 2016-06 publication or construction boundary separates pre-publication simulation from later market observations under fixed rules; all returns remain hypothetical.
- Rule / approach
- 1. Score assets: S_i = avg(1/3/6/12m returns) × (1 - correlation to universe) 2. If <= 6 positive scores → 100% SHV 3. Otherwise: protection fraction pf; top 3 share (1 - pf)
- BestFolio supplies
- the public rule or approach and backtest context; current signals, allocations, and paid interactive data remain restricted to Pro access
- Customer action
- Review each scheduled signal and place any required trades in your own brokerage; BestFolio does not execute orders.
- Costs and exclusions
- net of a modeled one-way transaction cost (10 bps, scaled up to 3x under stress); taxes, fund-expense drift, or market impact are not modeled
- Freshness
- The latest available backtest ends 2026-09-04. A run timestamp is not exposed here, so no stronger freshness claim is made.
- Next expected action
- First trading day of October; scheduled 2026-10-01 at 09:30 ET. Review the published signal before placing any trade.
GPM (Generalized Protective Momentum) at a glance
GPM (Generalized Protective Momentum) is a tactical asset allocation (TAA) strategy by Keuning & Keller across US Equity, International Equity, Emerging Markets, REITs, rebalanced monthly. Backtested 1986-02-28 to 2026-09-04 (40.5 years): 8.8% CAGR, 1.14 Sharpe, -15.1% max drawdown, 7.5% volatility.
- Type
- Tactical (TAA)
- Author
- Keuning & Keller
- Rebalancing
- Monthly
- Risk
- Moderate
- Period
- 1986-02-28 to 2026-09-04
- CAGR
- 8.8%
- Sharpe
- 1.14
- Max Drawdown
- -15.1%
- Volatility
- 7.5%
GPM (Generalized Protective Momentum) — Tactical Asset Allocation Strategy
Generalized Protective Momentum by Keuning and Keller uses correlation-adjusted momentum scores across 13 assets. Protection scales with market breadth: when fewer assets have positive scores, more capital shifts to safety (SHV). Top 3 selected for the risky portion.
GPM (Generalized Protective Momentum): frequently asked questions
- What is Generalized Protective Momentum?
- Correlation-based selection across 13 global assets. Breadth (fraction with positive scores) sets the cash safety fraction; top 3 assets by score fill the risk sleeve. Adaptive protection during downturns. Monthly rebalancing.
- Who created the GPM (Generalized Protective Momentum) strategy?
- GPM (Generalized Protective Momentum) was developed by Keuning & Keller. It is based on Keuning, J.W. & Keller, W.J. (2016). Generalized Protective Momentum (GPM).
- What is the historical return and maximum drawdown of GPM (Generalized Protective Momentum)?
- Backtested from 1986-02-28 to 2026-09-04, GPM (Generalized Protective Momentum) returned 8.8% CAGR with a -15.1% maximum drawdown and a Sharpe ratio of 1.14. Past performance does not guarantee future results.
- How often is GPM (Generalized Protective Momentum) rebalanced?
- GPM (Generalized Protective Momentum) is rebalanced monthly. BestFolio publishes the updated allocation signal each period.
- Is GPM (Generalized Protective Momentum) a tactical asset allocation strategy?
- Yes. GPM (Generalized Protective Momentum) is a tactical asset allocation (TAA) strategy: it adjusts its holdings based on market signals each period rather than holding a fixed allocation.
Backtest Performance (1986-02-28 to 2026-09-04)
| Metric | GPM (Generalized Protective Momentum) |
|---|---|
| CAGR | 8.8% |
| Max Drawdown | -15.1% |
| Sharpe | 1.14 |
| Sortino | 2.16 |
| Volatility | 7.5% |
| Calmar | 0.59 |
| Total Return | 2985.3% |
| Backtest Period | 40.5 years |
Strategy Details
- Type
- Tactical (TAA)
- Rebalancing
- monthly
- Risk Level
- moderate
- Variants
- 1
- Author
- Keuning & Keller
- Source
- Keuning, J.W. & Keller, W.J. (2016). Generalized Protective Momentum (GPM)
Asset Classes
- US Equity
- International Equity
- Emerging Markets
- REITs
- Commodities
- Gold
- Bonds
- Cash
Categories
Further reading
New to this approach? Read what tactical asset allocation is and how it works.
Holding GPM (Generalized Protective Momentum) alongside another strategy? Use the free portfolio overlap calculator to see how much of the two portfolios actually differs.
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